Bpharm 8th-semester notes

Biostatistics and Research Methodology Notes – Bpharm free

Biostatistics and Research Methodology Notes Unit 1 – 5


UNIT – 1

Introduction: Statistics, Biostatistics, Frequency distribution
Measures of central tendency: Mean, Median, Mode- Pharmaceutical examples
Measures of dispersion: Dispersion, Range, standard deviation, Pharmaceutical
problems
Correlation: Definition, Karl Pearson’s coefficient of correlation, Multiple correlation – Pharmaceuticals examples

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UNIT – 2

Regression: Curve fitting by the method of least squares, fitting the lines y= a + bx and x = a + by, Multiple regression, standard error of regression– Pharmaceutical Examples
Probability:Definition of probability, Binomial distribution, Normal distribution,
Poisson’s distribution, properties – problems
Sample, Population, large sample, small sample, Null hypothesis, alternative hypothesis,
sampling, essence of sampling, types of sampling, Error-I type, Error-II type, Standard
error of mean (SEM) – Pharmaceutical examples
Parametric test: t-test(Sample, Pooled or Unpaired and Paired) , ANOVA, (One way
and Two way), Least Significance difference

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UNIT – 3

Non Parametric tests: Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis
test, Friedman Test Introduction to Research: Need for research, Need for design of Experiments,
Experiential Design Technique, plagiarism
Graphs: Histogram, Pie Chart, Cubic Graph, response surface plot, Counter Plot graph
Designing the methodology: Sample size determination and Power of a study, Report
writing and presentation of data, Protocol, Cohorts studies, Observational studies,
Experimental studies, Designing clinical trial, various phases.

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UNIT – 4

Blocking and confounding system for Two-level factorials
Regression modeling: Hypothesis testing in Simple and Multiple regressionmodels
Introduction to Practical components of Industrial and Clinical Trials Problems:
Statistical Analysis Using Excel, SPSS, MINITAB®, DESIGN OF EXPERIMENTS, R – Online Statistical Software’s to Industrial and Clinical trial approach

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UNIT – 5

Design and Analysis of experiments:
Factorial Design: Definition, 22, 23design. Advantage of factorial design
Response Surface methodology: Central composite design, Historical design,
Optimization Techniques

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Scope of Biostatistics and Research Methodology

To understand the applications of Biostatics in Pharmacy. This subject deals with
descriptive statistics, Graphics, Correlation, Regression, logistic regression Probability
theory, Sampling technique, Parametric tests, Non Parametric tests, ANOVA,
Introduction to Design of Experiments, Phases of Clinical trials and Observational and
Experimental studies, SPSS, R and MINITAB statistical software’s, analyzing the
statistical data using Excel.

Objectives of Biostatistics and Research Methodology

Upon completion of the course the student shall be able to

  • Know the operation of M.S. Excel, SPSS, R and MINITAB®, DoE (Design of
    Experiment).
  • Know the various statistical techniques to solve statistical problems.
  • Appreciate statistical techniques in solving the problems.

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